In the grand tapestry of human history, the throne is often depicted as a seat of wisdom and justice. However, some of history’s most compelling figures are those who turned the crown into a symbol of terror. The "atrocious empress" is a recurring archetype—a woman who seized power in a male-dominated world and held onto it through sheer ruthlessness, often earning a reputation for cruelty that has lasted centuries.
Catherine was a mother trying to keep a crumbling dynasty together amidst civil war. Her "cruelty" was often a desperate attempt to find a middle ground between warring religious factions. 3. Empress Irene of Athens (Byzantine Empire)
She was rumored to be an expert in poisons and black magic, keeping a "flying squadron" of beautiful spies to manipulate the court.
Chroniclers describe her as a "human-hearted beast" who delighted in the execution of her kin.
Irene was a fierce defender of Iconoclasm, and many of her actions were framed by the bitter religious divides of the Byzantine world. The Gender Bias of History