RAPTOR is a flowchart-based programming environment, designed specifically to help students visualize their algorithms and avoid syntactic baggage. RAPTOR programs are created visually and executed visually by tracing the execution through the flowchart. Required syntax is kept to a minimum. Students prefer using flowcharts to express their algorithms, and are more successful creating algorithms using RAPTOR than using a traditional language or writing flowcharts without RAPTOR.
Are you interested in running RAPTOR on Chromebooks, iPads, or just in a browser? Check out the pre-release here!. This is NOT fully tested. Send feedback via
A Multiplatform version of RAPTOR is now available for Windows, Mac and Linux built on top of [Avalonia]! See the downloads section below. Uses fonts from Noto Sans CJK for internationalization. Key differences:
Figure 1 RAPTOR for Windows
Figure 2 RAPTOR Avalonia
Papers on RAPTOR application:
RAPTOR referenced in following books or publications:
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Each section is further subdivided into ten parts, ranging from simple term-matching exercises to complex data-response questions and structured essay practice. Key Features and Benefits
Success in Cambridge IGCSE Economics (0455) requires more than just memorising definitions; it demands the ability to apply economic theories to real-world scenarios. The by Susan Grant is widely regarded as an essential resource for students aiming for top grades.
Finding the correct answers is vital for self-assessment. Depending on the edition of the workbook you are using, answers can be found in several locations:
Using the Susan Grant workbook offers several advantages for IGCSE candidates:
: With over 150–170 multiple-choice questions (MCQs), students can sharpen their technique for Paper 1.
: For many newer editions, the full answer keys are contained within the Teacher’s Resource provided by Cambridge University Press.
: "Four-part questions" encourage students to develop logical and lucid written answers, essential for the evaluative marks in Paper 2. Where to Find Susan Grant Workbook Answers
: The workbook provides numerous opportunities to draw and interpret crucial economic diagrams, such as supply and demand curves or Production Possibility Curves (PPCs).
This article explores the structure of the workbook, the benefits of its exercises, and where to find the official answer keys to verify your progress. Understanding the Workbook Structure
: If you have a digital version or a code in your physical book, you may be able to access chapter-wise answers via the Cambridge Reader or Elevate platform.
Each section is further subdivided into ten parts, ranging from simple term-matching exercises to complex data-response questions and structured essay practice. Key Features and Benefits
Success in Cambridge IGCSE Economics (0455) requires more than just memorising definitions; it demands the ability to apply economic theories to real-world scenarios. The by Susan Grant is widely regarded as an essential resource for students aiming for top grades.
Finding the correct answers is vital for self-assessment. Depending on the edition of the workbook you are using, answers can be found in several locations: Cambridge Igcse Economics Workbook Answers Susan Grant
Using the Susan Grant workbook offers several advantages for IGCSE candidates:
: With over 150–170 multiple-choice questions (MCQs), students can sharpen their technique for Paper 1. Each section is further subdivided into ten parts,
: For many newer editions, the full answer keys are contained within the Teacher’s Resource provided by Cambridge University Press.
: "Four-part questions" encourage students to develop logical and lucid written answers, essential for the evaluative marks in Paper 2. Where to Find Susan Grant Workbook Answers Finding the correct answers is vital for self-assessment
: The workbook provides numerous opportunities to draw and interpret crucial economic diagrams, such as supply and demand curves or Production Possibility Curves (PPCs).
This article explores the structure of the workbook, the benefits of its exercises, and where to find the official answer keys to verify your progress. Understanding the Workbook Structure
: If you have a digital version or a code in your physical book, you may be able to access chapter-wise answers via the Cambridge Reader or Elevate platform.
Do you want more older versions? Check out older versions of RAPTOR here
Did you know RAPTOR has modes? By default, you start in Novice mode. Novice mode has a single global namespace for variables. Intermediate mode allows you to create procedures that have their own scope (introducing the notion of parameter passing and supports recursion). Object-Oriented mode is new (in the Summer 2009 version)
RAPTOR is freely distributed as a service to the CS education community. RAPTOR was originally developed by and for the US Air Force Academy, but its use has spread and RAPTOR is now used for CS education in over 30 countries on at least 4 continents. Martin Carlisle is the primary maintainer, and is a professor at Texas A&M University.
Below handouts are by Elizabeth Drake, edited from Appendix D of her book, Prelude to Programming: Concepts and Design, 5th Edition, by Elizabeth Drake and Stewart Venit, Addison-Wesley, 2011. Linked here with author's permission.
Comments, suggestions, and bug reports are welcome. If you have a comment, suggestion or bug report, send an email to .
David Cox has put together a user forum at http://raptorflowchart.freeforums.org. This provides a place for users to exchange ideas, how tos, etc. Note however, that feedback for the author should be sent by email rather than posting on this forum.
Randy Bower has some YouTube tutorials at http://www.youtube.com/user/RandallBower. You can also search YouTube for "RAPTOR flowchart".
The UML designer is based on NClass, an open-source UML Class Designer. NClass is licensed under the GNU General Public License. The rest of RAPTOR, by US Air Force policy, is public domain. Source is found here. RAPTOR is written in a combination of A# and C#. Unfortunately, I don't have the time to provide support on compilation issues