: Traditionally used for metals but adapted for certain cohesive soils like undrained clay.
: Assumes the plastic strain increment is normal to the yield surface (Normality Rule), common in metal plasticity but often less accurate for frictional materials like soil. fundamentals of plasticity in geomechanics pdf
Plasticity theory replaces real, particulate materials (like sand or clay) with an idealised continuum that behaves elastically until a specific stress limit is reached. Key elements of this theory include: : Traditionally used for metals but adapted for