By adhering to FS.38, operators can better defend against emerging "all-IP" threats, ensuring that as networks become more open and virtualized, they remain resilient against both traditional and sophisticated cyberattacks.

The document categorizes SIP-related risks into three primary domains:

Focuses on protecting network infrastructure, such as Session Border Controllers (SBCs) and core network nodes, from unauthorized access and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks.

It introduces the concept of comparing fields across different protocols (e.g., SIP vs. Diameter) to identify discrepancies that signal potential fraud or security breaches. Integration with Other GSMA Standards

FS.38 provides actionable guidance for and equipment vendors:

Addresses risks associated with the interception or exposure of subscriber identity and metadata within SIP signaling.

Provides the overarching "Baseline Security Controls" for the entire mobile ecosystem.

Outlines scenarios where SIP vulnerabilities are exploited for financial gain, such as toll fraud or subscription fraud. Technical Recommendations

Specifically addresses fraud risks in 5G environments.