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In 2021, we talked about managing servers. In 2024, interviewers want to know when to use AWS Lambda or managed Kubernetes (EKS).

Latency numbers (L1 cache vs. Disk read), throughput, and storage math (Daily Active Users × average payload size). 2. The API and Data Model First Approach hacking the system design interview pdf download 2021

In 2021, the system design interview shifted from "knowledge testing" to "collaborative problem-solving." The guides released that year focused on a repeatable blueprint rather than just memorizing how WhatsApp works. In 2021, we talked about managing servers